PREVAL Bulletin Nº12 on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) / July - August 2008

• PRESENTATION
• PREVAL IN ACTION
• NOTES ON PROGRAMMES, COMMUNITIES AND NETWORKS
• SPECIAL FEATURE ON "CLIMATE CHANGE"

The Programme for Strengthening Regional Capacity for Monitoring and Evaluation of Rural Poverty-Alleviation Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (PREVAL), funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), seeks to build national and local capacity to develop and implement participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems for sustainable development in rural areas.
For further information on PREVAL go to www.preval.org .

1.- Technical support to projects and programmes

a) In partnership with RUTA, PREVAL took part in a tele-conference on 12 May in Costa Rica on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, targeted at IFAD-cofunded projects in Central America.  The aim was to share approaches and experiences on success and failure factors in developing and implementing participatory PME systems and the Use and Communication of Results.  It also provided an opportunity for inviting projects and governments in the sub-region to a “Facilitators Training Programme on Innovative PME Methodologies for Rural Development” to be hosted by PREVAL from July to December 2008.

b) PREVAL made a visit to the Sustainable Rural Development project in the Ngäbe and Buglé region (Panama), to identify their training needs in PME.  Meetings were held with all the project technical staff and specific recommendations were made on how to improve results-based PME.

c) As partner of the Andean Change project – managed by the International Potato Centre (CIP) and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture/Consultative Group on International Agricultural  Research (CIAT/CGIAR) - PREVAL is responsible for the Thematic Area “Impact Assessment of implementing participatory methodologies to agricultural innovation” in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.  In this context, visits were made to three projects during the first half of 2008 (Coffee, in Colombia; Creole Potato, in Colombia; and Broad Beans, in Puno, Cusco and Apurimac, in Peru) that have been implementing the participatory approaches promoted by Andean Change.  The aim of these visits was to draft a Baseline Study implementation plan.  A Guide on Impact Assessment is also being edited, and ex post impact assessements on Peasant Contests (MARENASS-MINAG project in Peru) and implementation of a Participatory Rural Research (PRR) project by PBA Corporation in Colombia were also completed. 
For more information on Andean Change go to their organisational website: www.cambioandino.net

d) Learning Route on “Innovative Monitoring and Evaluation Approaches to Rural Development” jointly hosted with PROCASUR (Lima and Cusco –Perú- April 2008).
PREVAL and PROCASUR partnered up to conduct a Learning Route event on innovative PME approaches, which was attended by the projects “Development of Agricultural Production Chains in the Barlovento Region” (BARLOVENTO), in Venezuela, and “Management of Natural Resources in El Chaco and High Valleys” (PROMARENA), in Bolivia. The Learning Route event was held from 13 to 19 April in Lima and Cusco, Peru, and was co-hosted by the “Development of the Puno-Cusco Corridor Project” (CORREDOR), who shared innovative experiences in putting in place and using their Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Systematisation (PMES) system.  The event was attended by the guest projects, “Management of Natural Resources in the Southern Highlands” (MARENASS), who shared their experience in community-based M&E, and Southern Highlands (Sierra Sur), who launched their organisational website.
For more information on the Learning Route go to PREVAL blog: www.preval.info
You can also go to the PROCASUR website at:
 http://procasur.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=1

e) Participatory Self-Assessment Workshop with the project, “Agricultural Production Chains in the Barlovento Region” - Foundation for Training and Research Applied to Agrarian Reform (CIARA) Venezuela.
To contribute to a participatory self-assessment being conducted by the Barlovento project together with the “Guillermo Rivas” Human Talent School, PREVAL conducted a training workshop on 9-12 June on innovative image-based methodologies and innovation and Most Significant Change for local development.  The workshop was facilitated by Carlos Gutiérrez (Image-Based M&E), Emma Rotondo (Evaluation and Most Significant Change), and Mariana Llona (Local Development).  Workshop participants included project promoters and technical staff, community authorities and female leaders, and representatives from the Central University of Venezuela (UCV), who re-constructed a range of processes experienced since 2006 within the framework of the project in the areas of technological innovation, cultural identity, and citizens’ participation.
See image on http://www.preval.org/imagenes/taller_barlovento.jpg

f) Regional Training Programme for Facilitators in Innovative Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation approaches to rural development (Peru, July 2008)

From 15 to 21 July 2008 a Regional Capacity-Building Programme for Facilitators in Innovative Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Approaches to Rural Development will be held in Lima and Arequipa, Peru, with the aim to develop technical capacity and facilitation skills to enable PME systems to work efficiently and effectively at project, programme and community levels, based on the use and communication of results among multiple stakeholders.  The Programme objectives include:
• Develop capacity and facilitation skills for M&E Unit technical staff or staff responsible for M&E within projects and national, sectoral and local government institutions;
• Develop capacity among community leaders in participatory facilitation of social learning processes and the use of images;
• Develop and implement innovative experiences based on the use of images such as talking maps, thematic maps, photography, etc.

The Capacity-Building Programme is targeted at three types of participants that play complementary roles in a PME system: (i) heads of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation in government institutions responsible for rural development at national, sectoral and local levels; (ii) heads of PME in rural development projects; and (iii) community leaders concerned with developing local PME experiences. Representatives of the government, projects and community leaders from Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela will attend the Programme.

g) Workshop on Baseline Studies: Foundations of a Results-Based Management Approach by the Central Corridor Development Project in Ecuador

The PREVAL Programme and the Central Corridor Development Project agreed to conduct a training workshop aimed at building capacity in Baseline Studies and the RIMS Impact Survey.  The event was held on 28-30 April 2008 in Baños, Ecuador, and was attended by 19 professionals from the project technical team, Finance Ministry officials, Ministry of Agriculture officials, a SENPLANDES official, and professionals from the Baños local governments.  Also, on 1 May work was conducted with the Project Manager and the head of the Monitoring and Evaluation area to draft a preliminary agenda for implementing the RIMS impact survey and define the first steps to be taken to implement the project’s monitoring and evaluation system.

2.- Image-Based Monitoring and Evaluation

PREVAL has won an internal contest organized by IFAD to implement a capacity-building and experience development process in image-based M&E (photographs, video, thematic maps, and talking maps), according to an IFAD electronic newsletter that may be viewed at the following link: http://www.ifad.org/newsletter/pl/s/1.htm#11 (section on new IFAD-supported projects, programmes and grants in Latin America and the Caribbean).  A work group has been formed with PREVAL partners RUTA, ASOCAM and Andean Change, who will develop an operating strategy.
Download the IMI concept note at
 http://www.preval.org/documentos/preval_imi_2008.doc

I.3  Knowledge Management in Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME)
PREVAL continues to run a knowledge management platform on PME through its website, www.preval.org, which features news on courses and events and an ongoing updated list of publications.  The PREVAL electronic network currently has over 2,500 members concerned with PME for rural development.  A CD on “Evaluation Capacity Building” will be launched shortly, with an overview on experiences and progress made in recent years in the areas of organisational learning and capacity building in evaluation.  The CD provides an anthology of 53 documents in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, compiled and presented by Rogelio Silva and Daniel Brandao from Instituto Fonte in Brazil.  It also features a number of texts published by PREVAL, including Organisational Guidelines for capacity building in evaluation, a report on a series of surveys conducted on M&E institutionalisation, and reflections on lessons learned, Good Practice developed in Central and South America, and electronic links to websites around the world that address issues facing capacity building and training in evaluation. 

EVENT OF PLANNING MINISTRIES
Office of the President of the Republic of Ecuador – National Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES). Quito, Ecuador, 2-3 June 2008
Hosted by the government of Ecuador, this event was held and attended by over 100 representatives of national and international institutions, with the aim to provide an opportunity for exchanging experiences, to strengthen Ibero-American planning systems and discuss their role in the economic and social development of countries.
The Planning Ministers of Cuba and Costa Rica, the heads of specialized planning offices in Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay, delegates from global organisations such as ECLAC and IADB, and experts from Colombia, Argentina and Spain, as well as PREVAL, took part during two days in discussions and debates on highly relevant issues, including the role of government in development, and instruments to secure transparency and rectify directions in public policy.
For more information see the SENPLADES website
http://www.senplades.gov.ec/web/guest/home

IMPACT ALLIANCE
Impact Alliance is the first global capacity-building network committed to providing knowledge and skills from hundreds of leading organisations in each development area.  One of their learning communities is on Monitoring and Evaluation, and they have a knowledge hub in Latin America.
Website:  http://www.impactalliance.org/

INSTITUTIONAL LEARNING & CHANGE - ILAC
The Institutional Learning and Change (ILAC) initiative consists of an evolving community of individuals committed to increasing the contributions of agricultural research to sustainable poverty reduction.  The group uses innovation systems thinking and tools to understand agricultural change processes and guide interventions, to stimulate pro-poor innovation.
Website:  http://www.cgiar-ilac.org/

LAUNCHING OF ON-LINE JOURNAL ON SYSTEMATISATION
An on-line journal on systematisation of experiences has been developed in Medellín, Colombia, to disseminate processes implemented in rural and urban sectors by using a mixed process to strengthen local development projects.
Link:  http://sistematizacionexperiencias.blogspot.com:80/

PRGA -CGIAR
CGIAR’s Participatory Research and Gender Analysis Programme – that develops and promotes organisational methods and approaches for addressing gender-based issues facing participatory research on plant improvement and crop & natural resources management – has issued its June newsletter in English, which addresses topics such as key issues emerging as a result of the Workshop, “Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complex nature of poverty and change” and “Gender and Climate Change: Mapping the Linkages – A scoping study on knowledge and gaps.”
See the Newsletter at
http://www.prgaprogram.org/Newsletter/Newsletter%202008/June/Newsletter%20issue34.htm

REGIONAL AWARD FOR INNOVATION IN STATISTICS – CHILDREN OF THE MILLENNIUM – GRADE (Perú)
The World Bank, sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), grants awards for useful programmes and activities in Statistics involving the development, implementation and evaluation of priority public policy in the census, survey, and administrative registers categories.  The “Children of the Millennium” (GRADE-Peru) project obtained honourable mention in the competition for the Statistical Research Award in Latin America and the Caribbean, organised by the World Bank.
For further information go to http://www.ninosdelmilenio.org/

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON “KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE: A STRATEGY FOR RURAL INNOVATION” – ANDEAN CHANGE PROJECT
From 14 to 16 May a regional workshop on “Knowledge Exchange: A Strategy for Rural Innovation” was held in Palmira, Colombia, and attended by 30 members (between participants and facilitators) from Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.
Link: http://www.cambioandino.net/aca/c/portal/layout?p_l_id=PUB.1032.117
Download the workshop proceedings at http://cambioandino.colnodo.apc.org/memorias-taller-regional.zip

SPANISH SOCIETY OF EVALUATION
The Spanish Society of Evaluation of Public Policies (ESS) has issued its third electronic Bulletin corresponding to June 2008.
Website: http://www.sociedadevaluacion.org/website/index.php?q=node/264 

STRENGTHENING MANAGEMENT FOR IMPACT (SMIP)
The Regional Programme for Strengthening Management for Impact (SMIP) in Eastern and Southern Africa is a regional IFAD grant funded programme that aims to build capacity of stakeholders of pro-poor initiatives to better manage for impact.
SMIP’s overall goal is to contribute to increase the impact of interventions aimed at rural poverty reduction in Eastern & Southern Africa, by ensuring that key actors more effectively manage pro-poor programmes towards impact. This will be achieved through three inter-related components: i) Capacity building; ii) Support to regional knowledge management and networking; and iii) Fostering conducive policies, systems, and processes.
Website:  http://www.managing4impact.com/

WORKSHOP ON “INNOVATION DIALOGUE” –WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY
On 26-27 May a workshop on “Innovation Dialogue” was held at Wageningen University, a key educational centre promoting sustainable farming and social programmes in developing countries.  The event sought to create an opportunity to start articulating the potential relevance of emerging insights from the complexity sciences and systems thinking, combined with field practice, for the development, monitoring and evaluation of development work.  To achieve this means taking time to examine the concepts and to relate them to the diversity of issues and actors that influence the aid nexus.  In particular, it will mean identifying problematic assumptions.
Link: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/navigatingcomplexity

The close relationship between climate change and poverty is an issue that is being increasingly taken into consideration.  During the past years initiatives have emerged to establish the links between poverty reduction and those climate changes that affect the world’s most vulnerable areas, and encourage governments to take on a more active role to address this issue.

In view of the importance of Adapting to Climate Change in social development, poverty alleviation and consequently monitoring and evaluation, this presentation provides news, publications and relevant links.

USEFUL LINKS

CHILDREN IN A CHANGING CLIMATE - CCC
CCC is a new programme that aims to secure children and young people a voice in preventing and adapting to climate change – from their communities to the UN.  The programme was launched by the Institute of Development Studies, in partnership with leading child development agencies during a side event of the UN Climate Change Convention’s mid-term talks in Bonn on 12 June 2008.
Website:  http://www.childreninachangingclimate.org/

CLIMATE CHANGE – PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF PERU
An effort by the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru to make a contribution to the environment, this website provides information on how to help protect the environment at home, university, the workplace, school, and in transportation.  It also features special presentations on climate change, articles of interest, interviews, and news on relevant events.
Website: http://www.pucp.edu.pe/climadecambios/

THE CLIMATE CHANGES, AND SO DOES MY LIFE
Photo exhibition presented at the Miraflores Central Park in Lima, Peru, throughout May 2008.  The pictures, taken by photographer Thomas Muller, are presented together with testimonies from individuals in the Peruvian coast, highlands and jungle, who give evidence of climate variations in their national territory and their impact on people.
Website:  http://www.elclimacambia.pe/Bienvenidos.html

DARA INTERNATIONAL
DARA is an independent non-profit organisation committed to improving the quality of humanitarian aid and development through evaluation.
Website:  http://www.daraint.org/web_en/commitent.html

ECOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT - ECODES
Ecology and Development is an independent non-profit organisation whose members are a group of professionals striving to contribute to the construction of sustainable development through the development and implementation of ecologically sustainable, socially fair, and economically viable alternatives, both in Spain and Latin America.
Website:  http://www.ecodes.org/

INFOANDINA
InfoAndina is an initiative managed by the Consortium for Sustainable Development in the Andean Ecoregion (CONDESAN), that promotes knowledge creation, disseminates information, and encourages learning among different stakeholders in the Sustainable Mountain Development field.  InfoAndina supports thinking processes on the experiences of its members in the Andean ecoregion, contributes to their advocacy work and provides a range of information services on sustainable mountain development.
Website:  http://www.infoandina.org/site.shtml

INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES – IDS
The Institute of Development Studies is a leading global organisation for research, teaching and communications on international development.
The IDS Climate Change and Disasters (CCD) Group is building global capacity to meet these challenges through pioneering research and innovative knowledge partnerships.
Website:  http://www.ids.ac.uk

INSTITUTE FOR THE PROMOTION AND SUPPORT OF DEVELOPMENT - IPADE
IPADE is a non-governmental organisation engaged in International Aid and Development Education, and active in the promotion of sustainable human development for vulnerable people in Latin America, Africa and Asia, through development aid projects.  They conduct awareness-raising activities to disseminate the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the relationship between environmental protection and the struggle against poverty.  They currently run projects in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and the Philippines.
Website:  http://www.fundacion-ipade.org/

IFAD
To IFAD, the global climate change has a special significance.  With its organisational mission being to enable poor rural people to overcome poverty, and with farming being a major livelihood source for a large majority of the rural poor, IFAD is deeply concerned with agriculture, as it is the human activity most directly affected by climate change.
Website:  http://www.ifad.org/climate/index.htm

INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE - IPCC
Upon becoming aware of the issues facing global climate change, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) created the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, as a group open to all UN and WMO members.
IPCC’s role is to assess in a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent manner the latest scientific, technical, and socio-economic literature produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change, its projected impacts, and options for adaptation and mitigation.
Website:  www.ipcc.ch/

POVERTY CHALLENGING TECHNOLOGIES - ITDG
ITDG is an international technical aid agency contributing to the sustainable development of low-income populations, through research as well as implementation and dissemination of appropriate technologies.
Website:  http://www.itdg.org.pe/temas.php?idcate=11&id=38

RURAL SUPPORT GROUP – GRUPO
GRUPO is a unit of the Engineering Department of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru that was created in 1985 and has developed three main lines of action since then: scientific and technological research on Renewable Energies, dissemination of Appropriate Technologies for the Rural Sector, and Environmental Protection through permacultural, environmental education, sustainable development, organic farming, and ecological tourism projects.
Website:  http://www.pucp.edu.pe/grupo/index.htm

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM (UNEP), REGIONAL OFFICE FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
UNEP’s mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
Website:  http://www.unep.org/

PUBLICATIONS

A RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE: SECURING CHILDREN'S ROLE IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION – CCC
This publication introduces the policy spaces, the challenges and the case for children’s participation based on their unique experiences, knowledge and capabilities.  It presents policy recommendations for addressing the needs of children under climate change, and the approach that Children in a Changing Climate is taking.
http://www.childreninachangingclimate.org/docs/FINAL.pdf

ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE.  WHAT DO POOR COUNTRIES NEED AND WHO SHOULD PAY FOR IT (ADAPTARSE AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO. QUÉ NECESITAN LOS PAÍSES POBRES Y QUIÉN DEBERÍA PAGARLO) - OXFAM
This document addresses adaptation by poor countries to the impact of climate change and rich countries’ responsibility to provide funding for this.
http://www.fidamerica.org/admin/docdescargas/centrodoc/centrodoc_1473.pdf

BASIC GUIDE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT AID  – WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE STRUGGLE AGAINST POVERTY
This document makes an urgent call for action to governments, but also addresses the need for development and environmental organisations to join efforts and knowledge and work together towards mitigating climate change and minimising its negative impacts in developing countries.  To help create this common work-ground, this guide provides an overview on climate change and development aid, by focusing on its inter-relations and providing examples of experiences that are being conducted to mitigate and adapt to this phenomenon.
http://www.ecodes.org/docs/energia/CC_cooperacion.pdf
 
CLIMATE CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN – UNEP, SEMARNAT - 2006
Understanding climate change as one of the main issues facing the environment in the 21st Century has become increasingly important in recent years.  New and increasing evidence of the effect of men’s interaction with the environment is emerging and includes thawing of the polar ocean areas, unusual droughts, torrential rains, hurricanes, high-intensity cyclones, and a wide range of irregular events threatening to abruptly change climate patterns around the world, with unprecedented effects on the ecosystems, the economy, society and human survival itself.
Download at
http://www.pnuma.org/Cambioclimatico/CAMBIO%20CLIMATICO-web.pdf

ENERGY AND GENDER IN RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - FAO
This documents discusses some gender issues and energy linkages within the international sustainable development context and puts forward recommendations on ways of incorporating gender-sensitivity into energy and development policy and planning processes.  It is FAO’s hope that this will promote a wider understanding of the importance of recognising gender differences in decision making on energy and rural development, and stimulate new attention to the challenges identified here.
http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/docs/pe1_060501d1_en.pdf

HOW MIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES? A REVIEW OF THE GROWTH LITERATURE WITH A CLIMATE LENS – WORLD BANK
This document examines empiric and theoretical literature on economic growth, to discuss how the four sections of the draft bill on climate change – mitigation, proactive (ex ante) adaptation, reactive (ex post) adaptation, and ultimately the damage produced as a result of climate change – affect growth, particularly in developing countries.
Download at http://tinyurl.com/pm5yb4

PEOPLE-CENTRED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE:  MAINSTREAMING A GENDER PERSPECTIVE - FAO
This brochure explains the relationship between gender issues and climate change, and recommends methods for mainstreaming gender into policy and activities for adapting to climate change.
Download at
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1395s/a1395s00.pdf

ARTICLES OF INTEREST

CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISK IN AGRICULTURE - ITDG
Weather variability as a result of global warming will affect the farming sector in the Andean and Amazon regions, which creates a need to develop alternatives to adjust to these new circumstances.
http://www.itdg.org.pe/publicaciones/pdf/Rumbos.Clima.Agricultura.pdf

CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE FUTURE OF SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE.  HOW CAN RURAL POOR PEOPLE BE A PART OF THE SOLUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE?
Discussion Paper drafted for the “Round Table on Climate Change” on the 31st session of IFAD’s Governing Council on 14 February 2008.
Link:  http://www.ifad.org/climate/roundtable/index.htm

CLIMATE CHANGE: A FURTHER CHALLENGE FOR GENDER EQUITY - FAO
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) conducts international activities aimed at eradicating hunger.  In providing their services both to developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral opportunity for all countries to get together as equal partners to negotiate agreements and discuss policy issues.  One of FAO’s current key concerns is climate change and its consequences for the poorest countries.
Link:  http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000809/index.html

COMPETITIVENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: INSEPARABLE GOALS - Iván Lanegra & Rosa Morales
This article shows that a demanding, effective environmental policy does not stand in the way of competitiveness but is rather a requirement for it.  Based on this approach, the lack of restrictions on pollution activity is precisely what causes distortions and hinders competitiveness and the development of a healthy economy, and encourages non-fulfilment of citizens’ responsibilities towards the environment.
Link: http://tinyurl.com/nh3gpw 

IFAD: A KEY PLAYER IN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE - IFAD
“The impacts of climate change are already tangible in many regions and they are projected to become even more severe in coming years.  This will have environmental, social and economic consequences.  The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, which represent the milestones of the global policy response to climate change, are based on two pillars: mitigation and adaptation.  Since 2000 greater emphasis has been placed on adaptation, which is now perceived by policy and decision makers as a crucial element in coping with the adverse impacts of climate change.”
Link:  http://www.ifad.org/operations/gef/climate/ifad_adaption.pdf

WORLD BANK
The World Bank is committed to helping countries achieve the MDGs, with the aim to address poverty and accomplish sustainable development.  Their mission is to aid developing countries and their inhabitants achieve the MDGs, and to this end they work together with partners in the task of alleviating poverty, by helping countries develop an environment for investment, jobs and sustainable growth, thus promoting economic growth, and through investment in and empowerment of the poor to enable them to participate in development.
Link: http://tinyurl.com/oxdvjd 

RESEARCH ON THE CHALLENGES OF ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE – WORLD BANK
Updates on World Bank activities to address climate change and the WB’s response to this issue.  The World Bank, through conservation projects and funding from the sale of carbon credits, supports renewable energy and energy-efficient projects, new bio-energy technologies, and forest conservation. Link: http://tinyurl.com/ptrosv